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What are CIELAB colour differences?

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CIE 1976 (L* a* b*) colour space provides a three-dimensional representation for the perception of colour stimuli. If two points in space, representing two stimuli, are coincident then the colour difference between the two stimuli is zero. As the distance in space between two points (L*1, a*1, b*1 and L*2, a*2, b*2) increases it is reasonable to assume that the perceived colour difference between the stimuli that the two points represented increases accordingly. One measure of the difference in colour between two stimuli is therefore the Euclidean distance DE* between the two points in the three-dimensional space.